{"id":904,"date":"2019-10-29T20:01:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-29T19:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?p=904"},"modified":"2019-10-30T09:30:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T08:30:11","slug":"les-origines-de-lalphabet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?p=904","title":{"rendered":"LES ORIGINES DE L&rsquo;ALPHABET"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"469\" height=\"685\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-de-pr\u00e9sentation.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"905\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-de-pr\u00e9sentation.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=905\" class=\"wp-image-905\" srcset=\"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-de-pr\u00e9sentation.jpg 469w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-de-pr\u00e9sentation-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 469px) 100vw, 469px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les origines de l&rsquo;alphabet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notre alphabet est le fruit de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de l&rsquo;\u00e9criture au fil des si\u00e8cles. Comprendre la morphologie des lettres qui le forment, c&rsquo;est comprendre ses origines.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voici, les divers types d&rsquo;\u00e9criture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La capitale lapidaire, \u00e9l\u00e9gante et\nrustique&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"365\" height=\"547\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/capitale-lapidaire-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"919\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/capitale-lapidaire-1.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=919\" class=\"wp-image-919\" srcset=\"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/capitale-lapidaire-1.jpg 365w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/capitale-lapidaire-1-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 365px) 100vw, 365px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce style d&rsquo;\u00e9criture a \u00e9t\u00e9 employ\u00e9 entre le Ier si\u00e8cle avant J.-C et le premier si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J-C. Durant le premier si\u00e8cle de notre \u00e8re, l&rsquo;\u00e9criture romaine, la capitale lapidaire, form\u00e9e tout d&rsquo;abord exclusivement de majuscules de m\u00eame hauteur et parfaitement align\u00e9es, a \u00e9volu\u00e9 vers la capitale \u00e9l\u00e9gante ou quadrata et la capitale rustica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;onciale romaine&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"572\" height=\"684\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/CorpusAgrimensorumRomanorum-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"918\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/CorpusAgrimensorumRomanorum-1.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=918\" class=\"wp-image-918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/CorpusAgrimensorumRomanorum-1.jpg 572w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/CorpusAgrimensorumRomanorum-1-251x300.jpg 251w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;onciale est une \u00e9criture apparue au IVe si\u00e8cle qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e jusqu&rsquo;au VIIIe si\u00e8cle. Elle se distingue par l&#8217;emploi de majuscules associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des minuscules, comme par la forme arrondie des lettres.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le mot onciale est issu du latin\nuncialis, qui signifie d&rsquo;un douzi\u00e8me de pied, ou d&rsquo;un pouce, qui\nservait d&rsquo;unit\u00e9 de mesure \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La semi-onciale irlandaise&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"520\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/semi-onciale-irlandaise-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"917\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/semi-onciale-irlandaise-2.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=917\" class=\"wp-image-917\" srcset=\"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/semi-onciale-irlandaise-2.jpg 500w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/semi-onciale-irlandaise-2-288x300.jpg 288w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;une \u00e9criture associant rondeurs et verticales, employ\u00e9e entre le VIe et le Xe si\u00e8cle. Elle est form\u00e9e par un ensemble de lettres onciales minuscules renfermant au minimum quatre \u00e9l\u00e9ments non caract\u00e9ristiques des onciales. Ainsi, la forme des lettres \u00ab\u00a0f \u00a0\u00bb  \u00ab\u00a0g\u00a0\u00bb  \u00ab\u00a0y\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0z\u00a0\u00bb est tr\u00e8s distincte des alphabets ant\u00e9rieurs et post\u00e9rieurs. Cette \u00e9criture originaire d&rsquo;Irlande refl\u00e8te l&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique de la culture celte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&rsquo;\u00e9criture caroline&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"788\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Caroline-1-788x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"916\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Caroline-1.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=916\" class=\"wp-image-916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Caroline-1-788x1024.jpg 788w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Caroline-1-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Caroline-1-768x997.jpg 768w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Caroline-1.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 788px) 100vw, 788px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La caroline est une \u00e9criture faite de minuscules de forme arrondie, employ\u00e9e principalement entre le VIIIe et le XIIe si\u00e8cle. Elle pr\u00e9sente des formes courbes et r\u00e9guli\u00e8res, obtenues au moyen d&rsquo;une plume d&rsquo;oie dont le biseau est biais\u00e9 vers la droite, et non taill\u00e9 droit comme il l&rsquo;\u00e9tait jusqu&rsquo;alors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les \u00e9criture gothiques&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"294\" height=\"440\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/gothique-1.gif\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"915\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/gothique-1.gif\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=915\" class=\"wp-image-915\"\/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A partir du XIIe si\u00e8cle, l&rsquo;\u00e9criture\ncaroline fut remplac\u00e9e par une nouvelle \u00e9criture qui en \u00e9tait\ndirectement issue&nbsp;: La gothique primitive, \u00e9criture qui \u00e9volua,\ndans le nord de l&rsquo;Europe, vers la gothique textura et dans les pays\nm\u00e9ridionaux vers la gothique rotunda.  L&rsquo;\u00e9criture gothique a\natteint son apog\u00e9e au \u00ab&nbsp;Quattrocento&nbsp;\u00bb avec la gothique\nbatarde, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par ses fioritures. Cette \u00e9volution s&rsquo;est\nproduite du XIIe au XVIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-0 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-12 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La naissance de l&rsquo;\u00e9criture\nhumanistique&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"938\" src=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/humanistique-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"914\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/humanistique-1.jpg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/?attachment_id=914\" class=\"wp-image-914\" srcset=\"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/humanistique-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/humanistique-1-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tandis que l&rsquo;\u00e9criture gothique avait \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e dans la majeure partie de l&rsquo;Europe, en Italie, on recherchait une \u00e9criture plus ronde. L&rsquo;\u00e9criture humanistique a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e dans ce pays par Poggio Bracciolini (1380-1459) et repr\u00e9sente une \u00e9volution de la gothique rotunda et de la minuscule caroline, \u00e0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on pr\u00f4nait les valeurs de l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9 et o\u00f9 l&rsquo;on rejetait l&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique gothique et celle du bas Moyen-Age, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durant cette p\u00e9riode, on a d\u00e9couvert\ndivers manuscrits (codex) carolingiens, dont l&rsquo;admiration entra\u00eena\nla diffusion de l&rsquo;\u00e9criture humanistique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e9trarque fut le premier \u00e0 manifester son d\u00e9sir de remplacer l&rsquo;\u00e9criture gothique par un style d&rsquo;\u00e9criture s&rsquo;inspirant de ces manuscrits. Il entreprit donc d&rsquo;imiter la caroline, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u00ab&nbsp;gothique pr\u00e9-humanistique&nbsp;\u00bb. Mais comme \u00e9nonc\u00e9 plus haut, l&rsquo;\u00e9criture humanistique est attribu\u00e9e \u00e0 Poggio Bracciolini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Publi\u00e9 par Dame Tiffen le 29 \/10\/2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les origines de l&rsquo;alphabet Notre alphabet est le fruit de l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de l&rsquo;\u00e9criture au fil des si\u00e8cles. Comprendre la morphologie des lettres qui le forment, c&rsquo;est comprendre ses origines. Voici, les divers types d&rsquo;\u00e9criture. La capitale lapidaire, \u00e9l\u00e9gante et rustique&nbsp;: Ce style d&rsquo;\u00e9criture a \u00e9t\u00e9 employ\u00e9 entre le Ier si\u00e8cle avant J.-C et le premier\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=904"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":946,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/904\/revisions\/946"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/graphorium-en-beaujolais.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}